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Scanning Sonar - How They Work

Scanning sonars operate very similar to radar, a signal is sent out from its antenna and then it listens for return signals.The signal is fan shaped and very narrow in width. The return echoes are displayed on the PC screen as a very narrow line that changes color along its length depending on the intensity of the echoes.

After the line is displayed, the antenna (called a transducer in sonar) rotates (steps) slightly to the right and the sequence is repeated. The smaller the step (1/2, 1, 1 1/2, or 2 degree) the higher the resolution of the picture. The transducer continuous stepping and the display quickly fills with the sonar image. The sequence is repeated, and if nothing moves (targets or sonar), then the identical picture will be overlaid over the previous picture (one line at a time). If a 360 degree continuous sweep is selected, at 1 degree steps, then 360 steps will make up a complete picture (720 steps for 1/2 degree).
The operator can select 360 degree continuous sweep or any portion of 360 degree (from any degree to any degree).
The operator can move the origin point of the signal to anywhere on the screen. If a 360 degree sweep is used, the selected origin point would be in the center of the screen. If 315 degree to 45 degree was selected (drawing above) then the origin point would be moved to the bottom center of the screen thus giving a very large viewing area (image from top to bottom of screen). The origin point can also be moved to the corners of the screen when it is advantageous to do so.
Range mark rings on the display permit easy determination of the distance the target is from the sonar head.

 
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